The productivity of ecosystems and their capacity to support life depends on access to
reactive nitrogen (N). Over the past century, humans have more than doubled the global …

In this review, we synthesize field and culture studies of the 15N/14N (expressed as δ15 N)
of autotrophic plants, mycoheterotrophic plants, parasitic plants, soil, and mycorrhizal fungi …

Global change has become a central focus of modern biology. Yet, our knowledge of how
anthropogenic drivers affect biodiversity and natural resources is limited by a lack of …

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are the primary elements involved in the growth and
development of plants. The C: N ratio is an indicator of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and an …

Human societies depend on an Earth system that operates within a constrained range of
nutrient availability, yet the recent trajectory of terrestrial nitrogen (N) availability is uncertain …

Classical biogeographical observations suggest that ecosystems are strongly shaped by
climatic constraints in terms of their structure and function. On the other hand, vegetation …

Herbarium specimens have long been a cornerstone of taxonomic research but are only
recently being recognized for their potential as a source of spatially and temporally …

Evidence for global insect declines mounts, increasing our need to understand underlying
mechanisms. We test the nutrient dilution (ND) hypothesis—the decreasing concentration of …

Plant and fungal specimens in herbaria are becoming primary resources for investigating
how plant phenology and geographic distributions shift with climate change, greatly …

Widespread specimen digitization has greatly enhanced the use of herbarium data in
scientific research. Publications using herbarium data have increased exponentially over the …