In recent years, there has been rising interest in additively manufactured shape memory
polymers (SMPs) and their multi-functional composites. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an …

In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such
as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living …

Innovations in industrial automation, information and communication technology (ICT),
renewable energy as well as monitoring and sensing fields have been paving the way for …

Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient
immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been a noticeable technology and made significant
progress since the late 1980s. Despite the tremendous growth, this technology is still facing …

The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …

Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been
extensively used for develo** flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors …

Nature's material systems during evolution have developed the ability to respond and adapt
to environmental stimuli through the generation of complex structures capable of varying …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing and 3D bioprinting are promising technologies for a broad
range of healthcare applications from frontier regenerative medicine and tissue engineering …