In the vicinity of tip** points—or more precisely bifurcation points—ecosystems recover
slowly from small perturbations. Such slowness may be interpreted as a sign of low …

Ongoing climate change is predicted to affect individual organisms during all life stages,
thereby affecting populations of a species, communities and the functioning of ecosystems …

The Ocean plays a central role in Earth's climate and has absorbed 93% of the extra energy
from the enhanced greenhouse effect and approximately 30% of anthropogenic carbon …

Phytoplankton primary production is at the base of the marine food web; changes in primary
production have direct or indirect effects on higher trophic levels, from zooplankton …

Climate change and resource exploitation have been shown to modify the importance of
bottom-up and top-down forces in ecosystems. However, the resulting pattern of trophic …

How do we explain the remarkably abrupt changes that sometimes occur in nature and
society--and can we predict why and when they happen? This book offers a comprehensive …

Several lines of evidence show that ocean warming off the east coast of Tasmania is the
result of intensification of the East Australian Current (EAC). Increases in the strength …

Anthropogenic global warming has significantly influenced physical and biological
processes at global and regional scales. The observed and anticipated changes in global …

Despite evidence from a number of Earth systems that abrupt temporal changes known as
regime shifts are important, their nature, scale and mechanisms remain poorly documented …

We tested the hypothesis that recent oceanographic changes associated with climate
change in the Northeast United States continental shelf ecosystem have caused a change in …