Goal-directed behaviors allow animals to act to satisfy needs and desires. The outcome
devaluation task is an effective method for identifying goal-directed behaviors and …

Voluntary behaviors (operants) can come in two varieties: Goal‐directed actions, which are
emitted based on the remembered value of the reinforcer, and habits, which are evoked by …

Background Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an ideal model to study the mechanisms
underlying synaptic deficits in addiction as it eliminates the confounding effects of substance …

This chapter reviews recent research from the author's laboratory on habit and goal-direction
in instrumental learning and then considers some of its implications for a general view of …

Objectives The goal of this study was to test whether ceftriaxone, a beta-lactam antibiotic
shown elsewhere to upregulate the expression of the glutamate transporter GLT-1, would …

The outcome devaluation task is a powerful method of distinguishing between goal-directed
and habitual behavior by modifying the value of the instrumentally earned outcome and …

Compulsive actions have been confusingly described as reflecting both excessive habitual
and excessive goal-directed action control. Here we sought to resolve this contradiction by …

Instrumental conditioning involves learning about the relationship between behaviour and
its consequences. For example, in a laboratory setting, a rat may depress a lever to earn a …