This review provides a detailed look at the attributes and immunologic mechanisms of
plasmid DNA vaccines and their utility as laboratory tools as well as potential human …

Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites of the obligate intracellular
Apicomplexa phylum the most deadly of which, Plasmodium falciparum, prevails in Africa …

Following their discovery in the early 1970s, classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci
have been the prototypical candidates for genetic susceptibility to infectious disease …

Abstract Development and Phase 3 testing of the most advanced malaria vaccine, RTS,
S/AS01, indicates that malaria vaccine R&D is moving into a new phase. Field trials of …

Malaria parasite infection is initiated by the mosquito-transmitted sporozoite stage, a highly
motile invasive cell that targets hepatocytes in the liver for infection. A promising approach to …

Summary Background RTS, S/AS02A is a pre-erythrocytic stage malaria vaccine that
provides partial protection against infection in malaria-naive adult volunteers and …

Malaria is one of the most frequently occurring infectious diseases worldwide, with almost 1
million deaths and an estimated 243 million clinical cases annually. Several candidate …

Background. Vaccine development in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been
hampered by the exceptionally high levels of CD8+ T cells required for efficacy. Use of …

Malaria is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, and effective vaccines are
urgently needed. Malaria vaccine approaches can be broadly grouped as pre‐erythrocytic …

In the twentieth century vaccine development has moved from the use of attenuated or killed
micro‐organisms to protein sub‐unit vaccines, with vaccine immunogenicity assessed by …