Establishment of a simple but accurate formula for the drag force acting on an assemblage
of particles moving relative to its carrier fluid is critical to modeling the flow of a particle–fluid …

Liquid–solid fluidizations are mainly affected by particle density, particle size, particle shape,
superficial velocity, liquid viscosity, etc. Owing to these complex high-dimensional impact …

Fluid flow through a bed of solid particles is an important process that occurs in full-scale
water treatment operations. The Carman–Kozeny model remains highly popular for …

Pressurised sand filters used in drip irrigation need periodic backwashing to flush the
contaminant particles out of the porous media. This process consumes high amounts of …

Highlights•The backwashing mode of a pressurised granular media filter was
investigated.•The CFD model reproduced the fluidised bed behavior for superficial …

An accurate drag correlation accounting for multiscale heterogeneous porous structures is a
prerequisite for reliable CFD simulation of fluidized beds. Though particle clusters in …

Vibration-driven immersed granular systems (VIGSs) are ubiquitous in nature and industry.
However, particle dynamics in 3D VIGSs is hard to obtain directly from experiments. The …

In the chemical industry, liquid–solid fluidized beds are commonly encountered because of
their diverse real-world applications, including but not limited to heterogeneous catalysis …

In full-scale drinking water production plants in the Netherlands, central softening is widely
used for reasons related to public health, client comfort, and economic and environmental …

Various industrial applications are performed in liquid-solid fluidized beds where drag force
plays a significant role in affecting the expansion characteristics of granular-bed, and then …