The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a
central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have already substantially improved
the outcomes of patients with many types of cancer, although only 20–40% of patients derive …

Checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies that target cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4
(CTLA4) or the programmed cell death 1 (PD1) pathway have achieved impressive success …

Background Previously reported results from the phase 3 CheckMate 067 trial showed a
significant improvement in objective responses, progression-free survival, and overall …

Neoantigens arise from mutations in cancer cells and are important targets of T cell-
mediated anti-tumor immunity. Here, we report the first open-label, phase Ib clinical trial of a …

Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

Although T lymphocytes have long been appreciated for their role in the immunosurveillance
of cancer, it has been the realization that cancer cells may ultimately escape a response …

Severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur in up to 60% of patients with
melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, it is unknown whether …

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1
(PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune …

Importance Programmed cell death (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)
inhibitors have been increasingly used in cancer therapy. Understanding the treatment …