Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-invasive therapeutic modality, has received increasing
attention owing to its high selectivity and limited side effects. Although significant clinical …

The use of light for therapeutic purposes dates back to ancient Egypt, where the sun itself
was an innovative source, probably used for the first time to heal skin diseases. Since then …

Interstitial laser treatment (ILT) using a diffusing applicator (DA) has been employed to treat
tumors. However, the treatment efficacy and safety of the emission profiles from DAs have …

Cylindrical light diffusers (CLDs) are often employed for the treatment of large tumors by
interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) and photoimmunotherapy (PIT), which involves …