Lane-level positioning and map matching are some of the biggest challenges for navigation
systems. Additionally, in safety applications or in those with critical performance …

The concept of enhanced maps (Emaps) was introduced with one main objective: It should
characterize roads, first, with more completeness and, second, with more accuracy than …

Most applications and services of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) rely on
accurate and continuous vehicle location information. The traditional localization method …

Nowadays, it is common that road vehicle navigation systems employ maps to represent the
vehicle positions in a local reference. The most usual process to do that consists in the …

One of the most prominent features on an urban road is the curb, which defines the
boundary of a road surface. An intersection is a junction of two or more roads, appearing …

One of the most fundamental tasks for robots inspecting water distribution pipes is
localization, which allows for autonomous navigation, for faults to be communicated, and for …

The market for vehicular navigators boomed over the last few years. These navigators rely
mainly on satellite based navigation systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) …

Evidential grids have recently been shown to have interesting properties for mobile object
perception. Possessing only partial information is a frequent situation when driving in …

Owing to their complimentary characteristics, global positioning system (GPS) and inertial
navigation system (INS) are integrated, traditionally through Kalman filter (KF), to obtain …

With advances in technology and the economy, people are more inclined to buy cars.
However, as a result, people forfeit their lives and property through accidents due to traffic …