Renewed interest in the use of psychedelics in the treatment of psychiatric disorders
warrants a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of …

Recent breakthroughs in neurobiology indicate that the time is ripe to understand how
cellular-level mechanisms are related to conscious experience. Here, we highlight the …

Functions of the neocortex depend on its bidirectional communication with the thalamus, via
cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) loops. Recent work dissecting the synaptic connectivity in …

Various theories for the neural basis of consciousness have been proposed, suggesting a
diversity of neural signs and mechanisms. We ask to what extent this diversity is real, or …

The output of cortical columns is routed to different downstream targets via distinct pathways:
cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical. It is as yet unclear what roles these pathways play in …

The human brain is a complex, adaptive system comprised of billions of cells with trillions of
connections. The interactions between the elements of the system oppose this seemingly …

The neurobiological mechanisms of arousal and anesthesia remain poorly understood.
Recent evidence highlights the key role of interactions between the cerebral cortex and the …

Deep learning and predictive coding architectures commonly assume that inference in
neural networks is hierarchical. However, largely neglected in deep learning and predictive …

Interactions with large language models (LLMs) have led to the suggestion that these
models may soon be conscious. From the perspective of neuroscience, this position is …

The specific circuit mechanisms through which anesthetics induce unconsciousness have
not been completely characterized. We recorded neural activity from the frontal, parietal, and …