Stunting is a complex and enduring challenge with far‐reaching consequences for those
affected and society as a whole. To accelerate progress in eliminating stunting, broader …

Background An estimated 2.4 billion people still lack access to improved sanitation and 946
million still practice open defecation. The World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned …

Background A third of the 2· 5 billion people worldwide without access to improved
sanitation live in India, as do two-thirds of the 1· 1 billion practising open defecation and a …

Background Poor sanitation is thought to be a major cause of enteric infections among
young children. However, there are no previously published randomized trials to measure …

Despite economic growth, government latrine construction, and increasing recognition
among policy-makers that it constitutes a health and human capital crisis, open defecation …

Background Open defecation is widely practiced in India. To improve sanitation and promote
better health, the Government of India (GOI) has instituted large scale sanitation …

Poor sanitation contributes to morbidity and mortality in the develo** world, but there is
disagreement on what policies can increase sanitation coverage. To measure the effects of …

Background Research suggests that the lived experience of inadequate sanitation may
contribute to poor health outcomes above and beyond pathogen exposure, particularly …

Over a billion people worldwide defecate in the open, with important consequences for early-
life health and human capital accumulation in develo** countries. We report a cluster …

In this paper, we shed new light on a long-standing puzzle: in India, Muslim children are
substantially more likely than Hindu children to survive to their first birthday, even though …