The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease
in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The …

The mTOR pathway has a central role in the regulation of cell metabolism, growth and
proliferation. Studies involving selective gene targeting of mTOR complexes (mTORC1 and …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) couples signaling from growth factor receptors with
intracellular nutrient-sensing pathways, and thereby is critically involved in the control of …

Neurons differ in their responses to injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly
understood. Using quantitative proteomics, we characterized the injury-triggered response …

Loss of PTEN, the major negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway induces a cellular
senescence as a failsafe mechanism to defend against tumorigenesis, which is called PTEN …

Dendrite pathology and synaptic loss result in neural circuit dysfunction, a common feature
of neurodegenerative diseases. There is a lack of strategies that target dendritic and …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease without a cure.
The exact pathogenic mechanisms of PAH are complex and poorly understood, yet a …

Highlights•Differential intrinsic regenerative ability of adult cortical neurons revealed by in
vivo imaging analysis.•Evolutionarily conserved pathways in regulating axon regeneration.• …

Targeting mTORC1 has been thoroughly explored in cancer therapy. Following encouraging
preclinical studies, mTORC1 inhibitors however failed to provide substantial benefits in …

IRS1 and IRS2 are key substrates of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Mass spectrometry
reveals more than 50 phosphorylated IRS1 serine and threonine residues (Ser (P)/Thr (P) …