The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue,
which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in …

Tumours often engage the lymphatic system in order to invade and metastasize. The tumour-
draining lymph node may be an immune-privileged site that protects the tumour from host …

Tumor expression of the lymphangiogenic factor VEGF-C is correlated with metastasis and
poor prognosis, and although VEGF-C enhances transport to the draining lymph node (dLN) …

Lymphatic remodeling in tumor microenvironments correlates with progression and
metastasis, and local lymphatic vessels play complex and poorly understood roles in tumor …

Aging affects all tissues and organs. Aging of the immune system results in the severe
disruption of its functions, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections, an increase in …

Emerging research on the roles of stromal cells in modulating adaptive immune responses
has included a new focus on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). LECs are presumably the …

Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs in which immune responses of the adaptive
immune system are initiated and regulated. Distributed throughout the body and embedded …

Until recently, the known roles of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in immune modulation
were limited to directing immune cell trafficking and passively transporting peripheral Ags to …

Invading pathogens have unique molecular signatures that are recognized by Toll‐like
receptors (TLRs) resulting in either activation of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and/or …

To induce adaptive immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) migrate through afferent lymphatic
vessels (LVs) to draining lymph nodes (dLNs). This process occurs in several consecutive …