Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with high morbidity and
mortality. This review article focuses on the epidemiology, cause, mechanisms of injury …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are local dilatations in cerebral arteries that predominantly affect
the circle of Willis. Occurring in approximately 2–5% of adults, these weakened areas are …

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) has a prevalence of 0.16–0.34% and an incidence of 7.6
per 100,000 person-years, accounting for 1–2% of all deaths in Western countries …

Aneurysms are malformations within the arterial vasculature brought on by the structural
breakdown of the microarchitecture of the vessel wall, with aneurysms posing serious health …

Understanding the biology of intracranial aneurysms is a clinical quandary. How these
aneurysms form, progress, and rupture is poorly understood. Evidence indicates that well …

Introduction Macrophages and neutrophils have been separately implicated in cerebral
aneurysm formation. The interactions between different myeloid subsets and the …

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a broad disorder encompassing multiple forms of arterial
disease outside of the heart. As such, PAD development is a multifactorial process with a …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass a range of conditions affecting both the heart
(eg, coronary heart disease and heart failure [1]) and blood vessels (eg, cerebrovascular …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses a range of disorders affecting the heart and
blood vessels, including coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease [1] and …