Little attention has been paid to the social processes of civil war—the transformation of
social actors, structures, norms, and practices—that sometimes leave enduring legacies for …

This article reviews the literature on civil war. We focus on the most recent period of
scholarly activity, beginning in the early 2000s when the publication of prominent …

For more than a century, from 1900 to 2006, campaigns of nonviolent resistance were more
than twice as effective as their violent counterparts in achieving their stated goals. By …

Conventional wisdom portrays war zones as chaotic and anarchic. In reality, however, they
are often orderly. This work introduces a new phenomenon in the study of civil war: wartime …

Most nations have experienced an internal armed conflict since 1960. Yet while civil war is
central to many nations' development, it has stood at the periphery of economics research …

Much of the quantitative literature on civil wars and ethnic conflict ignores the role of the
state or treats it as a mere arena for political competition among ethnic groups. Other studies …

Contemporary research on civil war has largely dismissed the role of political and economic
grievances, focusing instead on opportunities for conflict. However, these strong claims rest …

A range of seemingly rival theories attempt to explain why some individuals take
extraordinary risks by choosing to participate in armed conflict. To date, however, competing …

How important is ideology for the analysis of civil war? In contrast to literature that neglects
ideology in its emphasis on structural variables or situational incentives, this article argues …

Does a state's use of indiscriminate violence incite insurgent attacks? To date, most existing
theories and empirical studies have concluded that such violence is highly …