ABSTRACT PURPOSE AND SCOPE The purpose of these Guidelines is to review the
published techniques of ultrasound in labor and their practical applications, to summarize …

Vaginal birth is the major cause of pelvic floor damage. The development of transperineal
ultrasound has improved our understanding of the relationship between vaginal birth and …

The assessment of labor progress from digital vaginal examination has remained largely
unchanged for at least a century, despite the current major advances in maternal and …

Objective Several ultrasound parameters, including intrapartum transperineal ultrasound
(ITU) head station, angle of progression (AOP), head–perineum distance (HPD) and head …

Background Safe management of the second stage of labor is of great importance.
Unnecessary interventions should be avoided and correct timing of interventions should be …

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of angle of progression (AoP) of the fetal head for
a failed vacuum delivery. Methods This was a prospective observational study that included …

Objective To examine the potential value of preinduction cervical length, cervical
elastography and angle of progression (AOP) in prediction of successful vaginal delivery …

Background A limited number of studies have addressed the role of intrapartum ultrasound
in the prediction of the mode of delivery in women with prolonged second stage of labor …

Objective To compare longitudinal changes in angle of progression (AoP) and midline angle
(MLA) during the active second stage of labor according to the mode of delivery. Methods A …

Objectives The objectives of this study were firstly to assess the longitudinal changes of
various sonographic parameters of fetal head progression in relation to length of active …