Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused
by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a quickly emerging global health problem
representing the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Atherosclerotic …

Introduction Dyslipidemia may be defined as increased levels of serum total cholesterol
(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), or a decreased serum …

Importance Previous studies have shown lower cardiovascular risk with higher high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. However, recent data in the general population have …

Atherosclerosis, chronic non-communicable diseases, and metabolic syndrome are highly
interconnected and collectively contribute to global health concerns that reduce life …

The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide and is a source of concern since the
negative consequences of obesity start as early as in childhood. The most commonly used …

Background In observational analyses, higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol have been associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease events …

Several prospective epidemiological studies have shown that there is a clear inverse
relationship between serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations …

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are endogenous nanoparticles involved in the transport and
metabolism of cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides. HDL is well-known as the …

Cardiovascular disease and infections are major causes for the high incidence of morbidity
and mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease. Both complications are directly or …