Some of the largest and most persistent circulation errors in global numerical weather
prediction and climate models are attributable to the inadequate representation of the …

Mountains significantly influence weather and climate on Earth, including disturbed surface
winds; altered distribution of precipitation; gravity waves reaching the upper atmosphere; …

Atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) span a broad range of length scales. As a result, the un‐
resolved and under‐resolved GWs have to be represented using a sub‐grid scale (SGS) …

This note discusses the relation between our knowledge of gravity waves and the
parameterization of their effects in global models. Improving these parameterizations …

Current gravity wave (GW) parameterization (GWP) schemes are using the steady-state
assumption, in which an instantaneous balance between GWs and mean flow is postulated …

The interaction between small-scale waves and a larger-scale flow can be described by a
multi-scale theory that forms the basis for a new class of parameterizations of subgrid-scale …

Parameterizations for internal gravity waves in atmospheric models are traditionally subject
to a number of simplifications. Most notably, they rely on both neglecting wave propagation …

Based on 20-day control forecasts by the 9-km Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) at the
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for selected periods of …

In a companion paper, the Multiscale Gravity Wave Model (MS-GWaM) has been introduced
and its application to a global model as a transient subgrid-scale parameterization has been …

Many current orographic gravity wave drag parametrizations employed in numerical weather
prediction and climate models assume idealised elliptical subgrid orography. As a result …