To confer resistance against pathogens and pests in plants, typically dominant resistance
genes are deployed. However, because resistance is based on recognition of a single …

Rice is a global food grain crop for more than one-third of the human population and a
source for food and nutritional security. Rice production is subjected to various stresses; …

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal in nature, which causes severe damage to plant
growth. The molecular mechanisms for Cd detoxification are poorly understood. Here, we …

The world population is expected to increase from 7.3 to 9.7 billion by 2050. Pest outbreak
and increased abiotic stresses due to climate change pose a high risk to tropical crop …

Crop diseases are major factors responsible for substantial yield losses worldwide, which
affects global food security. The use of resistance (R) genes is an effective and sustainable …

Lignin is a complex aromatic biopolymer important for providing mechanical strength to the
cell wall and resistance against both biotic and abiotic stresses. It helps in plant growth by …

The Casparian strip (CS) is a ring-like lignin structure deposited between endodermal cells
that forms an apoplastic barrier to control the selective uptake of nutrients in vascular plants …

Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide. The
development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and …

Phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances of low molecular weight produced by plants in
response to infection or stress, which form part of their active defense mechanisms. Starting …

More than half of the world's food is provided by cereals, as humans obtain> 60% of daily
calories from grains. Producing more carbohydrates is always the final target of crop …