The transition between the middle atmosphere and the thermosphere is known as the MLT
region (for mesosphere and lower thermosphere). This area has some characteristics that …

Evidence of mid-latitude ozone depletion and proof that the Antarctic ozone hole was
caused by humans spurred policy makers from the late 1980s onwards to ratify the Montreal …

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are large, rapid temperature rises in the winter polar
stratosphere, occurring predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere. Major SSWs are also …

STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2015 Page 1 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society Vol. 97, No. 8, August 2016 STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2015 Page 2 …

Stratospheric sudden warmings are the clearest and strongest manifestation of dynamical
coupling in the stratosphere–troposphere system. While many sudden warmings have been …

We use a global climate model to compare the effectiveness of many climate forcing agents
for producing climate change. We find a substantial range in the “efficacy” of different …

A major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) in January 2009 was the strongest and most
prolonged on record. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations are used to …

We have used plasma drift and magnetic field measurements during the 2001–2009
December solstices to study, for the first time, the longitudinal dependence of equatorial …

Upper stratospheric enhancements in NOx (NO and NO2) were observed at high northern
latitudes from March through at least July of 2004. Multi‐satellite data analysis is used to …

Measurements from several different satellite instruments are used to estimate effects of
energetic particle precipitation (EPP) on NOx (NO+ NO2) in the Southern Hemisphere …