Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common type of cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Since the first surgical repair in 1954, treatment has continuously improved. The treatment …

The global transplantation market size was valued at USD 8.4 billion in 2020 and is
expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 11.5% over the forecast period. The …

Tissue engineered scaffolds have emerged as a promising solution for heart valve
replacement because of their potential for regeneration. However, traditional heart valve …

Heart valve replacement is a common surgical procedure in treating heart conditions such
as stenosis or valvular insufficiency. The use of biomaterials in the manufacture of these …

The current standard of care for pediatric patients with unrepairable congenital valvular
disease is a heart valve implant. However, current heart valve implants are unable to …

Coronary artery disease represents the most common type of heart disease and accounts for
about 7.4 million deaths worldwide in 2012 [1]. Prognoses indicate that annual mortality from …

As the number of arteriosclerotic diseases continues to increase, much improvement is still
needed with treatments for cardiovascular diseases. This is mainly due to the limitations of …

Introduction Cardiac xenotransplantation presents significant potential to the field of heart
failure by addressing the high demand for donor organs. The availability of xenograft hearts …

Valvular heart diseases (VHDs) are a major health problem increasing morbidity and
mortality worldwide. Currently, treatment of VHDs relies on valve replacement with …

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is being extended to younger patients.
However, TAVR-compatible bioprostheses are based on xenogeneic materials with limited …