Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous
and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic …

Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that
maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting …

Mitochondria are traditionally known as the powerhouse of the cell, but their functions
extend far beyond energy production. They are vital in cellular and organismal pathways …

Organelles compartmentalize eukaryotic cells, enhancing their ability to respond to
environmental and developmental changes. One way in which organelles communicate and …

The mechanism of insulin action is a central theme in biology and medicine. In addition to
the rather rare condition of insulin deficiency caused by autoimmune destruction of …

The complex bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain is finely
orchestrated by different systems, including the endocrine, immune, autonomic, and enteric …

Abstract Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) plays a central role in nonshivering thermogenesis in
brown fat; however, its role in beige fat remains unclear. Here we report a robust UCP1 …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, the
hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the cause-effect relationship remains …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,
hyperlipidemia, and organismic insulin resistance. This pathological shift in both circulating …

Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder affecting multiple tissues and is a precursor event
to type 2 diabetes (T2D). As T2D affects over 425 million people globally, there is an …