To move away from fossil fuels, biodiesel provides a sustainable alternative to addressing
the socioeconomic and sustainable fuel problems. For biodiesel to be competitive …

Fossil based resources are a major contributor to energy and chemicals to modern-day
development. The negative environmental impacts of fossil-based resources accompanied …

This study reviews the major biogas upgrading technologies, with specific regard to recent
progress in the field of membrane technology. More specifically, the objective of the present …

Butanol can be produced from renewable sources via the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE)
fermentation route to create biobutanol or from fossil fuel to create petrobutanol. Despite the …

The petrochemical industry grew to become one of the world's largest industries during the
20th century. It is expected that it will continue to grow, as the world's population gets …

Recently, lactic acid production from renewable materials has gained enormous attention
due to the several functional properties it offers in different fields. The high yield productivity …

Lignin is a primary component of lignocellulosic biomass that is an underutilized feedstock
in the growing biofuels industry. Despite the fact that lignin depolymerization has long been …

Lactic acid is an already consolidated bioproduct in the world market. It has many
applications, such as: the production of biodegradable polymers, substitution of plastics from …

Lignocellulosic biomass is a complex biopolymer that is primary composed of cellulose,
hemicellulose, and lignin. The presence of cellulose in biomass is able to depolymerise into …

Biofuels that are produced from biobased materials are a good alternative to petroleum
based fuels. They offer several benefits to society and the environment. Producing second …