Over the past decade, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a large class of primarily
non-coding RNA molecules, many of which have key roles in cancer development and …

Natural killer (NK) cells comprise a unique population of innate lymphoid cells endowed with
intrinsic abilities to identify and eliminate virally infected cells and tumour cells. Possessing …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are key sensors of virus
infection, mediating the transcriptional induction of type I interferons and other genes that …

Only a small proportion of patients with cancer show lasting responses to immune
checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based monotherapies. The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 is an …

The innate immune system has the capacity to detect 'non-self'molecules derived from
pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, via pattern recognition …

Nucleobase modifications are prevalent in eukaryotic mRNA and their discovery has
resulted in the emergence of epitranscriptomics as a research field. The most abundant …

Abstract 'Immune checkpoint blockade'for cancer describes the use of therapeutic antibodies
that disrupt negative immune regulatory checkpoints and unleash pre-existing antitumour …

Specific chemical modifications of biological molecules are an efficient way of regulating
molecular function, and a plethora of downstream signalling pathways are influenced by the …

Cancers develop within complex tissue environments consisting of diverse innate and
adaptive immune cells, along with stromal cells, vascular networks, and many other cellular …

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is associated with most viral infections—it either constitutes
the viral genome (in the case of dsRNA viruses) or is generated in host cells during viral …