Noble metal nanoparticles due to their unique optical properties arising from their
interactions with an incident light have been intensively employed in a broad range of …

Nucleic acids, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are
natural biopolymers composed of nucleotides that store, transmit, and express genetic …

The outbreaks of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), caused by nervous necrosis
virus (NNV), represent one of the main infectious threats for marine aquaculture worldwide …

DNA nanotechnology holds substantial promise for future biomedical engineering and the
development of novel therapies and diagnostic assays. The subnanometer‐level …

Development of biosensing platforms plays a key role in research settings for identification
of biomarkers and in clinical applications for diagnostics. Biosensors based on nucleic acids …

Fluorescence‐based biosensors have widely been used in the life‐sciences and biomedical
applications due to their low limit of detection and a diverse selection of fluorophores that …

The specificity and simplicity of the Watson–Crick base pair interactions make DNA one of
the most versatile construction materials for creating nanoscale structures and devices …

For fluorogenic probes, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is one of the most widely
used mechanisms to realize the detection of biochemical activities. Dark quenchers relax …

Efficient and rapid detection of pathogens plays an important role in food safety, disease
prevention, diagnosis and environmental monitoring. The traditional method for pathogen …

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights the importance of rapid
and sensitive diagnostics of viral infection that enables the efficient tracing of cases and the …