Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Vaccines are the key technology to combat existing and emerging infectious diseases.
However, increasing the potency, quality and durability of the vaccine response remains a …

Nanoparticles enter tumours through endothelial cells, gaps or other mechanisms, but how
they exit is unclear. The current paradigm states that collapsed tumour lymphatic vessels …

Understanding the in vivo transport of nanoparticles provides guidelines for designing
nanomedicines with higher efficacy and fewer side effects. Among many factors, the size of …

Decentralized manufacture of thermostable mRNA vaccines in a microneedle patch (MNP)
format could enhance vaccine access in low-resource communities by eliminating the need …

Cancer vaccines have emerged as a powerful new tool for cancer immunotherapy.
Adjuvants are vaccine ingredients that enhance the strength, velocity, and duration of the …

Modern vaccine design has sought a minimalization approach, moving to the isolation of
antigens from pathogens that invoke a strong neutralizing immune response. This approach …

Infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has
brought the world to a standstill, are emerging at an unprecedented rate with a substantial …

Nanoparticles for multivalent display and delivery of vaccine antigens have emerged as a
promising avenue for enhancing B cell responses to protein subunit vaccines. Here, we …

During the last two decades, an increasing number of reports have pointed out that the
immunogenicity of polyethylene glycol (PEG) may trigger accelerated blood clearance …