Community ecology is traditionally species-based and assumes that species comprise
identical individuals. However, intraspecific variation is ubiquitous in nature because of …

The evolution of sexual dimorphism is predicted to occur through reductions in between-sex
genetic correlations (r mf) for shared traits, but the physiological and genetic mechanisms …

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is common in birds and has been linked to various selective
forces. Nevertheless, the question of how and when the sexes start to differentiate from each …

Males and females often desynchronise their mating activity during the breeding season
(intersexual phenological asynchrony). This suggests that the two sexes differentially use …

Subadult sex estimation is routinely advised against, as most researchers believe there are
not sufficient differences between the subadult male and female skeletons. This chapter …

Background Developmental associations often explain phenotypic integration. The
intersected hormonal regulation of ontogenetic processes fosters predictions of steroid …

In intraspecific competition, the sex of competing individuals is likely to be important in
determining the outcome of competitive interactions and the way exposure to conspecifics …

Male and female pollinators often exhibit sex-specific preferences for visiting different
flowers. Recent studies have shown that these preferences play an important role in sha** …

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) often results in dramatic differences in body size between
females and males. Despite its ecological importance, little is known about the relationship …

To fully understand the evolution of sexual dimorphism, it is necessary to study how genetic
and developmental systems function to generate sex-specific phenotype as well as sex …