Medical Education 2011: 45: 792–806 Objectives In this review, we portray the process of
problem‐based learning (PBL) as a cognitive endeavour whereby the learner constructs …

Background This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the impact of
problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture-based learning (LBL) teaching models on …

Early in 2005, Phil Harris, Executive Director of the Association of Educational
Communications and Technology, approached Mike Spector and asked if he would like to …

The success of an intervention depends not only upon its theoretical soundness, but also on
proper implementation that reflects the guidelines derived from its theoretical conception …

486Problem-based learning (PBL) is perhaps the most innovative instructional method
conceived in the history of education. PBL was originally designed to respond to the criticism …

Constructivism is a philosophy based on the fundamental assumption that knowledge
cannot exist outside our minds. Knowledge cannot be given from one mind to another. New …

The design of problems is crucial for the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL).
Research has shown that PBL problems have not always been effective. Ineffective PBL …

Well-designed problems are crucial for the success of problem-based learning (PBL).
Previous discussions about designing problems for PBL have been rather general and …

Cases are the driving force behind students' independent study in problem-based learning.
Evidently, the nature of student learning in problem-based learning is to a large extent …

The past decade has seen increasing demands for reform of dental education that would
produce a graduate better equipped to work in the rapidly changing world of the twenty‐first …