This article reviews the current understanding of the electrical properties of the grain
boundaries of acceptor-doped zirconia and ceria, however, with an emphasis on the grain …

One of the most intriguing—and at the same time most problematic—notions in object-
oriented programing is inheritance. Inheritance is commonly regarded as the feature that …

Born in the ice-blue waters of the festooned Norwegian coast; amplified (by an aberration of
world currents, for which marine geographers have yet to find a suitable explanation) along …

In typed object-oriented languages the subtype relation is typically based on the inheritance
hierarchy. This approach, however, leads either to insecure type-systems or to restrictions …

Bounded quantification was introduced by Cardelli and Wegner as a means of ty**
functions that operate uniformly over all subtypes of a given type. They defined a simple …

Module mechanisms have received considerable theoretical attention, but the associated
concepts of separate compilation and linking have not been emphasized. Anomalous …

In recent years, object-oriented programming has emerged as the dominant computer
programming style, and object-oriented languages such as C++ and Java enjoy wide use in …

Javalight is a large sequential sublanguage of Java. We formalize its abstract syntax, type
system, well-formedness conditions, and an operational evaluation semantics. Based on this …

Many modern programming languages support basic generic programming, sufficient to
implement type-safe polymorphic containers. Some languages have moved beyond this …

An untyped lambda calculus, extended with object primitives that reflect the capabilities of so-
called delegation-based object-oriented languages, is presented. A type inference system …