Opioids mediate their effects via opioid receptors: mu, delta, and kappa. At the neuronal
level, opioid receptors are generally inhibitory, presynaptically reducing neurotransmitter …

Oxytocin secretion from the posterior pituitary gland is increased during parturition,
stimulated by the uterine contractions that forcefully expel the fetuses. Since oxytocin …

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the basal forebrain are the final
common pathway through which the brain regulates reproduction. GnRH secretion occurs in …

The hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei contain magnocellular
neurosecretory cells (MNC s) that project to the posterior pituitary gland where they secrete …

Somato‐dendritic secretion was first demonstrated over 30 years ago. However, although its
existence has become widely accepted, the function of somato‐dendritic secretion is still not …

The reproductive neuropeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has two modes of
secretion. Besides the surge mode, which induces ovulation in females, the pulse mode of …

The network of coupled neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex (pBC) of the medulla
generates a bursting rhythm, which underlies the inspiratory phase of respiration. In some of …

Mediation of antinociception via opioid receptors located in the periphery is a viable strategy
to produce analgesia without the occurrence of side effects associated with stimulation of …

Neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) that concomitantly express kisspeptin, neurokinin B
(NKB) and dynorphin A are termed KNDy neurons and are likely candidates for the intrinsic …

Magnocellular neurones of the hypothalamus release vasopressin and oxytocin from their
dendrites and soma. Using a combination of electrophysiology, microdialysis, in vitro …