Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a highly accurate and automatable method for
determination of porous media water content and electrical conductivity. Water content is …

The ability to accurately obtain soil moisture contents is important in many different fields,
including agriculture and branches of civil engineering including hydraulics, transportation …

This paper presents a review of techniques for field measurement of suction, water content,
and water hydraulic conductivity (permeability). Main problems in the use of field …

In this article, we propose and demonstrate a novel corrosion-resistant, embeddable open-
end coaxial cable soil moisture sensor. This microwave resonator is constructed using two …

This study investigates variations in the velocity and sensitivity of electromagnetic waves in
transmission lines configured in defective model piles for the detection of necking defects …

Measurements of dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity were taken in a saline
gypsiferous soil collected from southern Tunisia. Both time domain reflectometry (TDR) and …

The primary objective of this study was to explore the potential use of electromagnetic
characteristics of soils using the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique to identify …

Purpose The inappropriate irrigation is accelerating the soil salinization in western irrigation
districts of China. The amelioration of salinized land must be based on large amount of …

High sample electrical conductivity reduces the quality of a time domain reflectrometry (TDR)
waveform by the loss of signal amplitude. Two strategies are examined to obtain higher …

Soil water content stands as a pivotal parameter across numerous research disciplines and
engineering applications. Electromagnetic (EM) sensors have gained widespread usage in …