BACKGROUND Comparing patterns of terrestrial and marine defaunation helps to place
human impacts on marine fauna in context and to navigate toward recovery. Defaunation …

Tip** points in complex systems may imply risks of unwanted collapse, but also
opportunities for positive change. Our capacity to navigate such risks and opportunities can …

Does humanity's future lie in the ocean? As demand for resources continues to grow and
land-based sources decline, expectations for the ocean as an engine of human …

Climate change is responsible for increased frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme
events, such as marine heatwaves (MHWs). Within eastern boundary current systems …

Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of the Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 is
a very low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clicking. Please …

Resilience underpins the sustainability of both ecological and social systems. Extensive loss
of reef corals following recent mass bleaching events have challenged the notion that …

In the vicinity of tip** points—or more precisely bifurcation points—ecosystems recover
slowly from small perturbations. Such slowness may be interpreted as a sign of low …

Human well-being relies critically on ecosystem services provided by nature. Examples
include water and air quality regulation, nutrient cycling and decomposition, plant pollination …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

Coastal zones have large social, economic and environmental values. They are more
densely populated than the hinterland and concentrate large economic assets, critical …