The capacity to predict future events permits a creature to detect, model, and manipulate the
causal structure of its interactions with its environment. Behavioral experiments suggest that …

The brain and the immune system are the two major adaptive systems of the body. During
an immune response the brain and the immune system “talk to each other” and this process …

The abundance and activation of macrophages in the inflamed synovial membrane/pannus
significantly correlates with the severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although unlikely to be …

The use of nanoparticles for targeted oral drug delivery to the inflamed gut tissue in
inflammatory bowel disease was examined. Such a strategy of local drug delivery would be …

Identification of common dietary substances capable of affording protection or modulating
the onset and severity of arthritis may have important human health implications. An …

Objective—Aortic calcification is prevalent in type II diabetes (T2DM), enhancing morbidity
and tracking metabolic syndrome parameters. Ldlr−/− mice fed high-fat “Westernized” diets …

Inflammation and inflammatory responses are modulated by a bidirectional communication
between the neuroendocrine and immune system. Many lines of research have established …

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an animal model of autoimmunity that has been studied
extensively because of its similarities to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CIA is induced in …

It has been approximately a decade since early Ž studies Crummey et al., 1987; Torphy and
Undem,. 1991 first highlighted the anti-inflammatory and smooth muscle relaxant effects of …

Many mechanisms involving TNF-α, Th1 responses, and Th17 responses are implicated in
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Recently, the clinical impact of anti-TNF therapy …