Symbiotic microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract promote health by decreasing
susceptibility to infection and enhancing resistance to a range of diseases. In this Review …

The microbiota plays a fundamental role on the induction, training, and function of the host
immune system. In return, the immune system has largely evolved as a means to maintain …

Dynamic interactions between gut microbiota and a host's innate and adaptive immune
systems are essential in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and inhibiting inflammation. Gut …

The intestinal tract of mammals is colonized by a large number of microorganisms including
trillions of bacteria that are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. These indigenous …

Over the last 10–15 years, our understanding of the composition and functions of the human
gut microbiota has increased exponentially. To a large extent, this has been due to new …

With the advent of next-generation sequencing, we have an unprecedented ability to study
tumor and host genomes as well as those of the vast array of microorganisms that exist …

Throughout the past century, we have seen the emergence of a large number of
multifactorial diseases, including inflammatory, autoimmune, metabolic, neoplastic and …

The microbiome has an important role in human health. Changes in the microbiota can
confer resistance to or promote infection by pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotics have a profound …

IBD is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract encompassing two main
clinical entities: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Although Crohn's disease and …

The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have co-evolved
with the host in a symbiotic relationship. The presence of large numbers of symbionts near …