Symbiotic microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract promote health by decreasing
susceptibility to infection and enhancing resistance to a range of diseases. In this Review …

Dynamic interactions between gut microbiota and a host's innate and adaptive immune
systems are essential in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and inhibiting inflammation. Gut …

The gut microbiota plays a role in many human diseases, but high-throughput sequence
analysis does not provide a straightforward path for defining healthy microbial communities …

Microbial infections are controlled by host inflammatory responses that are initiated by
innate immune receptors after recognition of conserved microbial products. As inflammation …

The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have co-evolved
with the host in a symbiotic relationship. The presence of large numbers of symbionts near …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory
diseases with unknown etiology. There is a combination of well documented factors in their …

The mammalian gut microbial community, known as the gut microbiota, comprises trillions of
bacteria, which co-evolved with the host and has an important role in a variety of host …

With the advent of next-generation sequencing, we have an unprecedented ability to study
tumor and host genomes as well as those of the vast array of microorganisms that exist …

Persistent colonization and outgrowth of potentially pathogenic organisms in the intestine
can result from long-term antibiotic use or inflammatory conditions, and may perpetuate …

Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the
pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. The imbalance between the production of …