Confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) is extensively employed in several fields owing to
providing molecular fingerprint information without destroying and labelling samples. Most …

Divided aperture confocal microscopy (DACM) provides an improved imaging depth,
imaging contrast, and working distance at the expense of spatial resolution. Here, we …

Current fiber chromatic confocal probes suffer from a low axial resolution. This study
proposes a fiber chromatic confocal method with a tilt-coupling source module for axial …

Confocal microscopy is now widely used in biological science for its high resolution and
optical sectioning capability. Here we introduce the divided cosine-shaped apertures to …

We develop a confocal system equipped with optimal elliptical apertures to improve axial
point spread function and signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) for different detector sizes. By …

In conventional confocal microscopy, the axial response model is usually established with
two assumptions: an infinitesimal illumination pinhole and the paraxial diffraction …

This paper performs a numerical study of the imaging process in confocal microscopy. We
simulate the imaging result using Fresnel diffraction formula. We also consider the divided …