Air pollution and atmospheric deposition have adverse effects on tree and forest health. We
reviewed studies on tree and forest decline in Northeast and Southeast Asia, Siberia, and …

Although awareness that air pollution can damage vegetation dates back at least to the
1600s, the processes and mechanisms of damage were not rigorously studied until the late …

Causality lies at the heart of scientific inquiry, serving as the fundamental basis for
understanding interactions among variables in physical systems. Despite its central role …

The study of vegetation community and structural change has been central to ecology for
over a century, yet the ways in which disturbances reshape the physical structure of forest …

Large‐scale ecological sampling networks, such as national forest inventories (NFIs), collect
in situ data to support biodiversity monitoring, forest management and planning, and …

Climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) impact the health
and productivity of forests. Here, we explored the potential impacts of these environmental …

Abstract Changes in nitrogen (N) availability affect the ability for forest ecosystems to store
carbon (C). Here we extend an analysis of the growth and survival of 94 tree species and 1.2 …

Climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are important
drivers of forest demography. Here we apply previously derived growth and survival …

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition can significantly affect forest biodiversity
and production by altering the growth and survival of trees. Three decades of air quality …

Critical loads are thresholds of atmospheric deposition below which harmful ecological
effects do not occur. Because lichens are sensitive to atmospheric deposition, lichen-based …