The organic contamination damage of large-aperture optical components limits laser energy
improvement of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). In situ cleaning of large-aperture optical …

The plasma diagnostic and control (D&C) system for a future tokamak demonstration fusion
reactor (DEMO) will have to provide reliable operation near technical and physics limits …

The knowledge of optical properties of tungsten at high temperatures is of crucial importance
in fields such as nuclear fusion and aerospace applications. The optical properties of …

In ITER, the metallic first mirrors (FMs) will undergo erosion due to their proximity to the
fusion plasma and deposition of materials originated from the first walls (mainly beryllium). In …

Nuclear fusion is an extremely attractive option for future generations to compete with the
strong increase in energy consumption. Proper control of the fusion plasma is mandatory to …

First mirrors of optical diagnostics in ITER are subject to charge exchange fluxes of Be, W,
and potentially other elements. This may degrade the optical performance significantly via …

To avoid reflectivity losses in ITER's optical diagnostic systems, plasma sputtering of metallic
First Mirrors is foreseen in order to remove deposits coming from the main wall (mainly …

Cleaning systems of metallic first mirrors are needed in more than 20 optical diagnostic
systems from ITER to avoid reflectivity losses. Currently, plasma sputtering is considered as …

Experimental simulation of the behaviour of diagnostic first mirrors fabricated of different
metals for ITER conditions Page 1 Experimental simulation of the behaviour of diagnostic …

Thomson scattering (TS) is a proven diagnostic technique that will be implemented in ITER
in three independent systems. The Edge TS will measure electron temperature T e and …