Oligonucleotide-based therapies are advanced novel interventions used in the management
of various respiratory diseases such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease …

Immunity in higher organisms can be broadly categorized into adaptive immunity and innate
immunity. Adaptive immunity is mediated by clonally distributed T and B lymphocytes which …

In the decade since the discovery that mouse B cells respond to certain unmethylated CpG
dinucleotides in bacterial DNA, a specific receptor for these'CpG motifs' has been identified …

Unmethylated CpG motifs are prevalent in bacterial but not vertebrate genomic DNAs.
Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs activate host defense mechanisms …

Living in a microbe-rich environment reduces the risk of develo** asthma. Exposure of
humans or mice to unmethylated CpG DNA (CpG) from bacteria reproduces these protective …

Interleukin (IL)-13 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large quantities by activated CD4+
Th2 lymphocytes. To define further its potential in vivo effector functions, the Clara cell 10 …

For a long time, investigations about the lung myeloid compartment have been mainly
limited to the macrophages located within the airways, that is, the well‐known alveolar …

IL-13 was first recognized for its effects on B cells and monocytes, where it upregulated class
II expression, promoted IgE class switching and inhibited inflammatory cytokine production …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that contain immunostimulatory CpG motifs trigger
an immunomodulatory cascade that involves B and T cells, natural killer cells and …

Mammals sense pathogen invasion through pattern-recognition receptors. A group of
transmembrane proteins, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), play critical roles as pattern-recognition …