Trade fragmentation unveiled: five facts on the reconfiguration of global, US and EU trade

FP Conteduca, S Giglioli, C Giordano… - Journal of Industrial and …, 2025 - Springer
In this work, we analyse the most recent shifts in trade patterns amid increasing
geoeconomic fragmentation. We document five facts about the recent reconfiguration of …

Economic multilateralism 80 years after Bretton Woods

M Obstfeld - Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2024 - academic.oup.com
The global economic institutions that grew from the Bretton Woods conference of 1944
aimed to create a cooperative policy environment conducive to recovery, development …

[HTML][HTML] Global trade patterns in the wake of the 2018-2019 US-China tariff hikes

F Haberkorn, T Hoang, G Lewis, C Mix, D Moore - 2024 - federalreserve.gov
In 2018, the US government announced bilateral tariff increases on a number of Chinese
goods. Thus began a tit-for-tat exchange of increasing bilateral tariffs between the US and …

[HTML][HTML] Assessing China's Efforts to Increase Self-Reliance

F De Soyres, D Moore - 2024 - federalreserve.gov
Since the beginning of 2018, the United States and China have been increasing tariff rates
on each other's imports, spurring debates about a possible fragmentation of trade into blocs …