Obesity and type 2 diabetes are the most frequent metabolic disorders, but their causes
remain largely unclear. Insulin resistance, the common underlying abnormality, results from …

Among other mechanisms, oxidative stress has been postulated to play an important role in
the rate of ageing. Oxidative damage contributes to the hallmarks of ageing and essential …

Contrary to the long-held view that most humans harbour only identical mitochondrial
genomes, deep resequencing has uncovered unanticipated extreme genetic variation within …

The mechanisms that explain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and healthspan continue to
be studied, but one element has been unexplored: microproteins. Small open reading …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by impaired regulation of pulmonary
hemodynamics and vascular growth. Alterations of metabolism and bioenergetics are …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in common diseases has been underexplored, partly
due to a lack of genotype calling and quality-control procedures. Develo** an at-scale …

Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are small bioactive peptides encoded by short open-
reading frames (sORF) in mitochondrial DNA that do not necessarily have traditional …

Array technology to genotype single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) is widely used in genome-
wide association studies (GWAS), clinical diagnostics, and linkage studies. Arrays have …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the aging
retina, in which patients experience severe vision loss. Therapies available to patients are …

Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a novel class of bioactive microproteins that
modify cell metabolism. The the eight MDPs that been characterized (eg, humanin, MOTS-c …