Investigations into how climate change shaped human evolution have begun to focus on
environmental dynamics, ie, the nature and tempo of climate and landscape variability, an …

Understanding the cause of late Quaternary mammal extinctions is the subject of intense
debate spanning the fields of archeology and paleontology. In the global context, the losses …

The human trophic level (HTL) during the Pleistocene and its degree of variability serve,
explicitly or tacitly, as the basis of many explanations for human evolution, behavior, and …

Development of the African Middle Stone Age (MSA) before 300,000 years ago raises the
question of how environmental change influenced the evolution of behaviors characteristic …

Eastern Africa is an important area to study early populations of Homo sapiens because
subsets of those populations likely dispersed to Eurasia and subsequently throughout the …

Present-day African ecosystems serve as referential models for conceptualizing the
environmental context of early hominin evolution, but the degree to which modern …

Earth pigments figure prominently in debates about signal evolution among later Homo.
Most archaeologists consider such behavior to postdate~ 300 Ka. To evaluate claims for …

Evidence for Quaternary climate change in East Africa has been derived from outcrops on
land and lake cores and from marine dust, leaf wax, and pollen records. These data have …

We define 17 African land mammal ages, or AFLMAs, covering the Cenozoic record of the
Afro-arabian continent, the planet's second largest land mass. While fossiliferous deposits …

The archaeology of East Africa during the last~ 65,000 years plays a central role in debates
about the origins and dispersal of modern humans, Homo sapiens. Despite the historical …