In one decade, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) has become
a new pillar of cancer treatment following surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted …

Summary LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT comprise the next generation of immune checkpoint
receptors being harnessed in the clinic. Although initially studied for their roles in restraining …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death across the world. Unlike lung
adenocarcinoma, patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have not benefitted …

The immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) play important roles in
tumorigenesis. It has been known that these tumor associated immune cells may possess …

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), a member of the TIM
family, was originally identified as a receptor expressed on interferon-γ-producing CD4+ and …

The blockade of immune checkpoint receptors has made great strides in the treatment of
major cancers, including melanoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, renal, and lung cancer. However …

Tumor-promoting inflammation and the avoidance of immune destruction are hallmarks of
cancer. While innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, are …

Co-inhibitory receptors, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, have an important role in regulating T
cell responses and have proven to be effective targets in the setting of chronic diseases …

Immunotherapy is being increasingly recognized as a key therapeutic modality to treat
cancer and represents one of the most exciting treatments for the disease. Fighting cancer …

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) was originally found to be expressed on
the surface of Th1 cells, acting as a negative regulator and binding to the ligand galectin-9 to …