In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their
impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep …

In light of rapid shifts in biodiversity associated with human impacts, there is an urgent need
to understand how changing patterns in biodiversity impact ecosystem function. Functional …

Multispecies tree planting has long been applied in forestry and landscape restoration in the
hope of providing better timber production and ecosystem services; however, a systematic …

Freshwater fish represent one-fourth of the world's vertebrates and provide irreplaceable
goods and services but are increasingly affected by human activities. A new index …

We are part of Nature, not separate from it. We rely on Nature to provide us with food, water
and shelter; regulate our climate and disease; maintain nutrient cycles and oxygen …

The future response of marine ecosystem diversity to continued anthropogenic forcing is
poorly constrained. Phytoplankton are a diverse set of organisms that form the base of the …

Causal effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions can be estimated using experimental
or observational designs—designs that pose a tradeoff between drawing credible causal …

Plants host a mesmerizing diversity of microbes inside and around their roots, known as the
microbiome. The microbiome is composed mostly of fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, and …

Approximately 25 years ago, ecologists became increasingly interested in the question of
whether ongoing biodiversity loss matters for the functioning of ecosystems. As such, a new …

A rich body of knowledge links biodiversity to ecosystem functioning (BEF), but it is primarily
focused on small scales. We review the current theory and identify six expectations for scale …