The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only
hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion …

This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …

Abstract Zinc (Zn 2+) is an essential element crucial for growth and development, and also
plays a role in cell signaling for cellular processes like cell division and apoptosis. In the …

Glutamate represents a key excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and
also modulates the function and viability of endocrine cells in pancreatic islets. In insulin …

The semi‐essential ubiquitous amino acid taurine has been shown to alleviate obesity and
hyperglycemia in humans; however, the pathways underlying the antidiabetic actions have …

Abstract l-Glutamate is one of the most abundant amino acids in the body and is a
constituent of proteins and a substrate in metabolism. It is well known that glutamate serves …

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are Ca 2+-permeant, ligand-gated ion channels activated by
the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and have well-characterized roles in the nervous …

Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1/5s) are critical to synapse formation and
participate in synaptic LTP and LTD in the brain. mGlu1/5 signaling alterations have been …

Key points Tetraspanin (TSPAN) proteins regulate many biological processes, including
intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling. TSPAN‐7 is enriched in pancreatic islet cells; …

Excitatory amino acids (EAAs) are found present in the nervous and reproductive systems of
animals. Numerous studies have demonstrated a regulatory role for Glutamate (Glu), d …