In the coming years and decades, advanced space-and ground-based observatories will
allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is Earth's dominant metabolism, having evolved to harvest the
largest expected energy source at the surface of most terrestrial habitable zone planets …

Context. One of the long-term goals of exoplanet science is the atmospheric characterization
of dozens of small exoplanets in order to understand their diversity and search for habitable …

The search for life in the Universe is a fundamental problem of astrobiology and modern
science. The current progress in the detection of terrestrial-type exoplanets has opened a …

Astrobiology is the science that seeks to understand the story of life in our universe.
Astrobiology includes investigation of the conditions that are necessary for life to emerge …

Hazes are common in known planetary atmospheres, and geochemical evidence suggests
that early Earth occasionally supported an organic haze with significant environmental and …

The expected yield of potentially Earth-like planets is a useful metric for designing future
exoplanet-imaging missions. Recent yield studies of direct-imaging missions have focused …

Abstract The Habitable Worlds Observatory Preliminary Input Catalog (HPIC) is a list of∼
13,000 nearby bright stars that will be potential targets for the Habitable Worlds Observatory …

Future observations of terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres will occur for planets at different
stages of geological evolution. We expect to observe a wide variety of atmospheres and …

Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) on Earth today has biogenic and anthropogenic sources. During the
Covid-19 pandemic, observations of global NO 2 emissions have shown a significant …