A long-term record of global mean surface temperature (GMST) provides critical insight into
the dynamical limits of Earth's climate and the complex feedbacks between temperature and …

Plate tectonics plays an essential role in the redistribution of life-essential volatile elements
between Earth's interior and surface, whereby our planet has been well tuned to maintain …

The tectonics, geography and climate of the Cretaceous world were very different from the
modern world. At the start of the Cretaceous, the supercontinent of Pangaea had just begun …

Constraining the relationship between temperature and atmospheric concentrations of
carbon dioxide (p CO2) is essential to model near-future climate. Here, we reconstruct p …

Atmospheric CO2 is thought to play a fundamental role in Earth's climate regulation. Yet, for
much of Earth's geological past, atmospheric CO2 has been poorly constrained, hindering …

Eocene hyperthermal events reflect profound perturbations of the global carbon cycle. Most
of our knowledge about their onset, timing, and rates originates from marine records. Hence …

Abstract The Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, a climate event 56 million years ago,
was characterized by rapid carbon release and extensive ocean acidification. However, our …

The boron isotope palaeo-pH/CO 2 proxy is one of the key quantitative tools available to
reconstruct past changes in the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere. In particular …