Ruminants are mostly herbivorous animals that employ rumen fermentation for the digestion
of feed materials, including dairy cows. Ruminants consume plant fibre as their regular diet …

The systematic exploration of microbial ecosystem of the rumen was commenced by the
father of rumen microbiology, Robert Hungate, in 1950s. His contributions toward the …

This book presents a series of chapters on the current knowledge with an emphasis on the
interactions of host animal with the microbes in the rumen. The whole content is divided into …

Due to their unique multi-gastric digestion system highly adapted for rumination, dairy
livestock has complicated physiology different from monogastric animals. However, the …

Abstract Although the diversity (~ 35 species) and worldwide distribution of goats
(Ruminantia, Bovidae, Caprinae) are significant, studies on the diversity of symbiont ciliates …

Ruminants break down the fiber of the feed intake in the rumen through a microbial
symbiosis, which performs its enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation. The …

Supplementation of animal feeds with exogenous enzymes have substantially improved
digestibility and animal performance, mostly in monogastrics. However, information related …