Meth/amphetamine use and associated HIV: Implications for global policy and public health

L Degenhardt, B Mathers, M Guarinieri, S Panda… - International Journal of …, 2010 - Elsevier
Amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) have become the focus of increasing attention
worldwide. There are understandable concerns over potential harms including the …

HIV among people who inject drugs in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia: a systematic review with implications for policy

E Jolley, T Rhodes, L Platt, V Hope, A Latypov… - BMJ open, 2012 - bmjopen.bmj.com
Background and objectives HIV among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a major public
health concern in Eastern and Central Europe and Central Asia. HIV transmission in this …

Breaking worse: the emergence of krokodil and excessive injuries among people who inject drugs in Eurasia

JPC Grund, A Latypov, M Harris - International Journal of Drug Policy, 2013 - Elsevier
Background Krokodil, a homemade injectable opioid, gained its moniker from the excessive
harms associated with its use, such as ulcerations, amputations and discolored scale-like …

Mortality among amphetamine users: a systematic review of cohort studies

J Singleton, L Degenhardt, W Hall… - Drug and Alcohol …, 2009 - Elsevier
AIMS: To report the results of a comprehensive literature search of studies of mortality
among people who use amphetamines. DESIGN AND SETTING: Three electronic …

Polydrug use and heterogeneity in HIV risk among people who inject drugs in Estonia and Russia: a latent class analysis

I Tavitian-Exley, MC Boily, R Heimer, A Uusküla… - AIDS and Behavior, 2018 - Springer
Non-medical drug injection is a major risk factor for HIV infection in Russia and Estonia.
Multiple drug use (polydrug) has further been associated with increased harms. We …

The harmful chemistry behind krokodil (desomorphine) synthesis and mechanisms of toxicity

EA Alves, JPC Grund, CM Afonso, ADP Netto… - Forensic science …, 2015 - Elsevier
Abstract “Krokodil” is the street name for the homemade injectable mixture that has been
used as a cheap substitute for heroin. Its use begun in Russia and Ukraine and nowadays is …

Kitchen chemistry: A sco** review of the diversionary use of pharmaceuticals for non‐medicinal use and home production of drug solutions

MC Van Hout - Drug testing and analysis, 2014 - Wiley Online Library
Misuse of pharmaceuticals is of increasing drug policy and public health concern. A sco**
review was conducted on the diversionary use of pharmaceuticals for non‐medicinal use …

“Should I Buy or Should I Grow?” How drug policy institutions and drug market transaction costs shape the decision to self-supply with cannabis in the Netherlands …

V Belackova, N Maalsté, T Zabransky… - International journal of drug …, 2015 - Elsevier
Background This paper uses the framework of institutional economics to assess the impact
of formal and informal institutions that influence the transaction costs on the cannabis …

Drugs, violence, and the state

BR Roberts, Y Chen - Annual Review of Sociology, 2013 - annualreviews.org
The article examines the relations among illicit drugs, violence, and the state, focusing on
why certain drugs are prohibited whereas others are not. The moral concerns underlying …

A sco** review of home-produced heroin and amphetamine-type stimulant substitutes: implications for prevention, treatment, and policy

E Hearne, JPC Grund, MC Van Hout… - Harm Reduction Journal, 2016 - Springer
Several home-produced substances such as krokodil and boltushka are prevalent in many
Eastern European countries. Anecdotal reports of its use have been circulating in Germany …