Cognitively driven pupil modulations reflect certain underlying brain functions. What do
these reflections tell us? Here, we review findings that have identified key roles for three …

Pupils respond to three distinct kinds of stimuli: they constrict in response to brightness (the
pupil light response), constrict in response to near fixation (the pupil near response), and …

The eye's pupils constrict (shrink) in brightness and dilate (expand) in darkness. The
pupillary light response was historically considered a low-level reflex without any cognitive …

Digital monitoring of physiological signals can allow computer systems to adapt
unobtrusively to users, so as to enhance personalised 'smart'interactions. In recent years …

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) bears therapeutic potential for a
wide range of medical conditions. However, previous studies have found substantial …

Of all peripheral measures of (neuro-) physiological activity, pupil size is probably the
easiest to access. Far beyond its well-known reaction to light incident on the eye, pupil size …

Pupillary dynamics reflect effects of distinct and important operations of visual working
memory: encoding, maintenance, and prioritization. Here, we review how pupil size predicts …

Pupil‐size changes are typically associated with the pupil light response (PLR), where they
are driven by the physical entry of light into the eye. However, pupil‐size changes are also …

Building great products or services is not easy; users want products and services that
exceed their expectations and evolve with their needs; it is not just about building the right …

Reliable, noninvasive biomarkers that reveal the internal state of a subject are an invaluable
tool for neurological diagnoses. Small fixational eye movements, called microsaccades, are …